This chapter describes emissions from (naturally or man-induced) burning of non-managed and managed forests and other vegetation, excluding agricultural burning of stubble, etc. This includes domestic fires (fuel wood, crop residue, dung and charcoal burning), as well as open vegetation fires (forest, shrub, grass and cropland burning).
This sector includes information and description of the methodologies applied for estimating emissions for NMVOC, NH3, NOx, SOx, PM10, PM2.5, TSP CO and BC as well as references to activity data and emission factors concerning emissions coming from the forest fires for the period 1990-2023.
In North Macedonia the category 11.A Volcanoes is NO (Not Occurred), while the category 11.C Other Natural Sources is NE (Not estimated).
Forest fires – NFR 11.B
The Tier 1 approach for emissions from forest fires uses the general equation:
𝐸𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = ∑ 𝐴𝑅𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 × 𝐸𝐹𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑡an𝑡
Where:
Epollutant = is the emission of a certain pollutant.
ARburned =is the total area that has been burned/wood burned
Efзагадувачка супстанца = е факторот на емисија за оваа загадувачка супстанца
The activity data for this sector are taken from the publication Forestry, 2000 –2014, published by the Statistical office, as well on data received on the requirement sent to the Public enterprise Macedonian forests on our request. Activity data includes area burned (ha), wood burned (m3) and wood burned (kg) for the period 1990-2023.
Emission factors were taken from the GB 2023 and have units like kg pollutant/ha area burned or g pollutant/kg wood burned. In North Macedonia there is no available data for burned area for the period 1990-1999. Most common pollutants from the category Forest fires are: NOX, CO, NMVOC, SOX, NH3, PM10, PM2,5, TSP, BC. The most dominant pollutant from this category is CO (3000 kg/ha area burned). Thе following trendline shows ha of burned area for the period 2000-2023.
Emissions of CO (kt) for the period 2000-2023 are shown on figure 2.
