Industrial emissions arise from several distinct activities. Mineral production (2A) covers cement, lime, glass, mining, and construction. The chemical industry (2B) includes the production of ammonia, acids, and other chemicals, though such activities are absent in the country. Metal production (2C) covers iron, steel, and various non-ferrous metals. Solvent use (2D3) includes coatings, dry cleaning, printing, and other applications. Category 2G relates mainly to the production and use of fireworks. Other industrial production (2H) covers pulp and paper, food and beverages, and miscellaneous processes. Finally, category 2K covers the consumption of POPs and heavy metals in equipment and products. Overall, while some categories are negligible in terms of their contribution, others dominate the emissions of particular pollutants, showing the diversity of industrial sources and their importance for targeted air quality management. The following sections and graphs provide a detailed overview of the contribution of each subcategory to the total emissions of key pollutants in 2023.
The Mineral Production category includes the subcategories cement production, lime production, glass production and mining and construction (construction and demolition). Pollutants emitted from this category are particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) with a share in the total emissions of these pollutants from all industrial processes in 2023 of 73.5%, 57.4% and 23.9% respectively. This category is a very small, practically negligible source of emissions of other pollutants.
The Chemical Industry category includes the subcategories production of ammonia, nitric acid, adipic acid, carbide production, titanium dioxide production, as well as storage, production and handling of other chemical products. Due to the absence of this type of production in our country, this category has practically no share in the emission of all pollutants included in the calculations.
The Metal Production category includes the subcategories iron and steel production, ferroalloy production, aluminum production, magnesium production, lead production, zinc production and other metal production. In 2023, pollutants emitted in a larger share from this category, in relation to the total emitted quantities from all categories, are PCBs with a share of 41% (from lead production), while Cd, DIOX, Hg have smaller shares of 17.4% (iron and steel production), 14% (iron and steel production and lead production) and 10% (iron and steel production) respectively. Pollutants emitted from this category with a share of less than 10% are Pb, Cr, Ni, BC and PAH, while particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) is emitted with a very small share in relation to the total emissions of these pollutants from this category.
The Solvent Production category includes the subcategories of household solvent use, asphalt production, bitumen roofing products production, coating applications, degreasing, dry cleaning, printing and other solvent uses. In 2023, the pollutants emitted in a larger share from this category, in relation to the total emitted quantities from all categories, are NMVOCs with a share of 29%. Pollutants emitted from this category with a share of less than 5% are particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5).
The category includes . In 2023, pollutants emitted in a larger share from this category, primarily through the subcategory production and use of fireworks, in relation to the total emitted quantities from all categories, are Pb and Cu with a share of 71% and 48% respectively, and with a smaller share are emitted Cr (11.5%), Cd (4%) and particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, 4-5%).
The category Other industrial production includes the subcategories pulp and paper production, food and beverage industry, other industrial processes. In 2023, the pollutants emitted in a certain share from this category, in relation to the total emitted quantities from all categories, are NMVOCs with a share of 2.7% through the subcategory food and beverage industry.
This category deals with emissions from the consumption of POPs and heavy metals. They are used, for example, in refrigerators, air conditioning equipment and electrical equipment. In 2023, the pollutants emitted in a larger share from this category, in relation to the total emitted quantities from all categories, are PCBs with a share of about 59%. A pollutant emitted from this category with a smaller share is Hg (10%).
On the following graphs emissions of several pollutants from industrial process is shown.
