Fugitive emissions are emissions that occur due to leakage, evaporation, or unintended release of gases and volatile substances into the air, outside of organized combustion or industrial production processes. In the category of fugitive emissions, NMVOC emissions are reported in the following subcategories: 1B1a – Mining of ores, 1B2aiv – Refining/Storage, 1B2av – Distribution of oil products, and 1B2c – Venting and flaring (oil and natural gas).
In the category Fugitive emissions there are estimated emissions of NMVOC that belong in these subcategories: 1B1a - Coal Mining and Handling, 1B2aiv - Refining / Storage, 1B2av - Distribution of oil products, 1B2c - Venting and flaring (Oil and natural gas).
From the emission trend for the period 1990-2023 it can be noted that the lowest values for NMVOC emissions (in kt) is in 1994, while the highest ones are in 2001. Additionally, it can be noted that there is an increasing trend in the emissions from 2002 to 2023, due higher use of gasoline in the transport sector.
From the pie-chart that contains the share of each subcategory in the total NMVOC emissions in 2023, it can be noted that the subcategory 1B2av - Distribution of oil products has the highest one - 86%, and then 1B1a - Coal Mining and Handling with 14%, while the categories 1B2aiv - Refining / Storage and 1B2c - Venting and flaring (Oil and natural gas) have minor contribution the total NMVOC emissions.
In the category Fugitive emissions, there are estimated SO2 emissions only in the subcategories 1B2aiv - Refining / Storage and 1B2c - Venting and flaring (Oil and natural gas).
From the trend of SO2 emissions (in kt) it can be noted that the highest emission value is estimated in 1990, while the SO2 emissions in the following years are lower. Lowest emissions are estimated in 1994, 1995, 2012, 2013, 2014. In the period 2015-2023 there are no emissions of SO2 due to the closure of the OKTA refinery.
